Superfund Recordkeeping

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, (SARA), provides for the identification, investigation and cleanup of Superfund, hazardous waste sites. Under these Acts, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to recover its response costs from responsible parties after participating in the investigation, cleanup, oversight, enforcement and other required administrative provisions. State agencies which spend CERCLA funds must account for and document all response costs to permit recovery of these costs from responsible parties by EPA and the State. Funds may also be provided to the State by EPA under a grant system to undertake Superfund related response activities. State agencies which spend CERCLA grant funds must account for and document all State costs. This manual outlines procedures involved with the expenditure of funds by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) for CERCLA activities. It sets forth financial management and recordkeeping requirements for Superfund sites and for CERCLA related activities covered by EPA grants. Many of the principles and procedures covered by this manual serve as guidance for non-CERCLA sites, as well, which have the potential for future cost recovery actions. This manual will continue to be updated as new procedures are developed. Documentation procedures involve complex financial management and recordkeeping policies that must be followed to assure cost recovery. These policies are based on regulations and guidance, in part, set forth in: – Code of Federal Regulations, (CFR), Title 40, Part 31, Part 33 and Part 35, Subpart â€Å"O†. – â€Å"State Superfund Financial Management and Recordkeeping Guidance†, 1987, EPA. – OMB Circular No. A-87, † Cost Principles for State and Local Governments†. – Code of Maryland Regulations, (COMAR), Title 21. Key features of the Superfund financial management and recordkeeping policies which are set forth in detail herein in Section D, include: – Documentation of all expenses involved with response or grant-specified activities. – Recovery of â€Å"reasonable and necessary† costs only. – Identification of financial documents, and all other cost related records or agreements which may serve as the basis for determining or authorizing response costs, with the phrase – â€Å"SUPERFUND – DO NOT DESTROY†. – Maintaining timesheets and other financial document originals without alteration after approvals. – Maintenance of a unique file or set of files, either containing hard copies, or electronic images shall be maintained for each Superfund site which shall be identified by a project cost account (PCA) code to permit timely access to site records. Record categories within these files shall be organized in a consistent manner. – Maintenance of additional files, containing backup documentation which provide background and serve as a basis or authorization for costs, should also be maintained. These general files may contain information that is not necessarily site-specific. – Retain original documents for each site, OU or activity. – Electronic records may be acceptable for cost recovery if approved by EPA or Attorney General's office. – Submitting cost documentation, in response to requests from attorneys or EPA only after, expense related records are reconciled with the cost summary. – Retention of records stamped with the phrase – â€Å"SUPERFUND – DO NOT DESTROY† for at least 10 years following submission of the final Financial Status Report, (FSR), unless otherwise directed by EPA. Records are to be retained longer than 10 years if litigation, claim, cost recovery or other associated action takes place before the end of the 10-year period. – EPA must approve destruction of documents that were required to be saved. Establish Superfund and EPA grant financial management and recordkeeping procedures which: – enable the State to meet legal responsibilities and EPA audit requirements; – document expense related records in a legally acceptable manner; – facilitate accountability and cost recovery; and – provide timely access to site, operable unit and activity related expense information. 1. ERRP – (Environmental, Restoration and Redevelopment Program) ERRP conducts and oversees CERCLA response activities within the Waste Management Administration, (WAS). Its areas of responsibilities cover: – Pre-remedial, remedial, removal and operation & maintenance phases. – Response activities which include, but are not limited to, investigations, review and comment on reports, oversight and implementation of response actions, and enforcement actions, and CERCLA activities may be funded under EPA grants/ Cooperative Agreements (CAs). The terms of these grants are negotiated between EPA and the State. The State also uses its own funds in engaging in response activities. Trained staff conduct technical activities associated with investigation, assessment and cleanup, including related activities such as training, travel, and Program development and the like. These employees shall submit timesheets for further processing and record keeping. Time devoted to various response activities is distributed to a number of unique PCA codes within the timesheets, thereby permitting assignment of costs to appropriate sites, OUs and activities. In addition, the technical staff may initiate requisitions such as purchase and travel requests and other financial documents associated with response activities. PCA codes are also used to assign costs for these and other activities as well. Clerical and administrative staff may assist the technical staff in fiscal, timekeeping, purchase requisitions, travel vouchers and record keeping matters. This staff also serves as liaison with other divisions in processing time accountability documents and other requisitions. The Program Administrator of ERRP manages ERRP Program and technical activities and approves all ERRP requisitions. Originators of requisitions must justify the necessity of items requested before approval and must satisfy terms of the grants. Approval, or sign off, by the Program Administrator may be via electronic signature where the Advanced Purchasing Inventory Control System (ADPICS), or a similar system, is used with the Financial Management Information System (FMIS) to process the requisition. FMIS is the computerized statewide accounting system which tracks costs by site, OU and activity, and by grant level.

Decontamination and Waste Management Essay

1.1.  Identify different reasons people communicate. A:   People communicate for a variety of reasons. There are several different reasons why people communicate. People communicate each other to: express needs, share ideas, information, to express feelings, to give information and instructions. Read more:  Identify different reasons why people communicate  essay 1.2.  Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your own work. A:  Effective communication is vital for the social care worker. The service user and the social worker need to understand each other clearly in order for the service user to receive the best possible care. Successful communication involves the social care worker speaking clearly and using phrases and sentences that service users can understand. This also involves the social care worker communicating clearly and openly with other members of staff, the manager and other professionals so as to make sure that the best possible care is provided and that this is done so reliably. 1.3.  Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them. A:  The social care worker should always observe an individual’s reactions to see whether he or she fully understands what you have said to them. If the service user for example looks confused then the social care worker must then adapt their communication and re-phrase the question or statement. In this way communication will be effective. It is also important to observe an individual’s reactions so as to spot anything that may be worrying them or upsetting them; the social care worker will then have to change their approach – this may be noticed through the service user’s change in facial expression or body language. 2.1.  Find out an individual’s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences. A:  Lady A (Dementia): She likes when somebody use simply words, short sentences and not to loud. Lady B (hearing problems): She likes when staff talk to her louder. Lady C (Autism): She likes when we use the same answers for the same questions. 3.1.  Identify barriers to effective communication. A:  Barriers to communication can occur because of speech difficulties due to disabilities or illness for example learning disabilities, dementia, deafness poor eyesight or a stroke. A noisy environment and differences in languages spoken and cultures can also be barriers. 3.4   Identify sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication. A:  Sources of information and support are immediately available for the social care worker from the supervisor or manager of my care home. There are also specialist services like speech language therapists, translators and interpreters. Further sources could be the internet and the library. 4.1 Explain the term confidentiality. A:  Confidentiality means any information that is held about a particular person is privileged and private. It is the duty of all social care workers to make certain that this information is accessible only to those authorized to have access to it. 4.3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on. A:  Information about an individual should normally only be shared on a need-to-know basis. All information held within my care home is confidential to the care home as a whole. Other situations where confidential information might need to be passed on is when the individual or someone else is at risk of danger, harm or abuse. 4.4   Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality. A:  I would always seek advice from my supervisor or my manager at the earliest opportunity if and when I saw that the information about a service user was being put at risk by the careless behaviour of for example a colleague at work. Depending on the urgency I would either ask them in private in the office or raise this in my supervision.

Critically analyse the impact of the 1870, 1902 & 1918 Education Acts Essay

Critically analyse the impact of the 1870, 1902 & 1918 Education Acts on society and education with particular reference to linkage of policy between the three acts - Essay Example Educations Acts of 1870, 1902, and 1918, and examines their complex interaction with the social and political concerns of the culture in which they emerged. The British educational system was traditionally reserved for members of the social elite. In the middle ages, universities were largely the domain of ruling class boys, although a small number of boys of lower social classes were included. In the fifth century, some grammar schools offered teaching to the poor, but again, education was largely reserved for upper class males. By the seventeenth century, schools had begun to resemble the modern system, but many people did not approve of educating the lower classes, fearing that it would "make the working poor discontented with their lot" (Chitty 2004, cited in Gillard), and education for the poor consisted largely of moral, rather than intellectual, teachings. The Industrial Revolution saw a great change in the national education system, as industry needed workers with more advance reading skills. (Davin 1996) Even then, opposition to educating the poor was intense. Thus Tory MP Davies Giddy famously noted "giving education to the la boring classes of the poor ... would teach them to despise their lot in life, instead of making them good servants in agriculture and other laborious employments to which their rank in society has destined them; instead of teaching them the virtue of subordination, it would render them factious and refactory (sic)... it would enable them to read seditious pamphlets, vicious books and publications against Christianity" (cited in Gillard). In addition, attempts at mass education for the poor were stymied by conflict between religious and social groups. In the mid-1800s, education in England was divided by class structure, and students were schooled according to whether they belonged to the masses, the middle class, or the higher classes. The 1870 Elementary Education Act, however, demanded universal education for all children from

Why women are enthusiastic about Birkin bag by Hermes Research Paper - 1

Why women are enthusiastic about Birkin bag by Hermes - Research Paper Example It is included in Forbes magazine’s Most Extravagant Handbags list. Bag prices range from US$6,000 to US$120,000 depending on the materials used and the craftsmanship that goes with it (Prabhakar, 2007). So, why do women go gaga over a Birkin bag? What strategy does Hermes adopt making it very successful all these years despite tough competition and the worldwide financial crisis? Where lies the â€Å"mystery† of the Hermes Birkin? According to Hermes CEO, Patrick Thomas, â€Å"Hermes has no desire to become a â€Å"masstige† (a mass producer of prestige goods) (Wright, 2009). Our strategy will be a strategy of value, not a strategy of volume; we are not in the mass luxury† (Agathe, Imadec-Bentata & Zimmerman, 2009, p. 8). They say no to short-term profit; thus, even in times of recession, few discounts are offered (Xie, n.d.) They cannot compromise the quality and the finishing of the product just to increase their sales (Wright, 2009). Hermes strategy is centered on the respect of the legacy of the luxury brand’s history, its heritage. (Xie, n.d.) Their mission is the pursuit of excellence. They adopt a model of scarcity to preserve its prestige and integrity. They do not change their strategy according to the state of the economy (Wright, 2009). They stick to the rule of luxury, that is, even in the worst financial crisis; the world will still have rich people who would like to hold on to exclusive items that can hold value such as a Birkin bag (Xie, n.d.). A purchase of a Birkin bag is viewed not an expense but an investment that could last for 40 years and whose price could go up to more than double as the years go by (Wright, 2009). One of the marketing techniques employed by Hermes is to keep a waiting list with high-profile customers such as Hollywood stars. They also put a â€Å"Reserved† sign on their display bag and they limit the number of Birkin sold to each customer for every purchase

Managing employee relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing employee relations - Coursework Example The change in employee relations over the last 30 years and its effect on the different stakeholders of the organization has been considered based on the UK point of view. The strategies developed by them have been studied in order to understand the issue in a more proper fashion. Employee relations: The term employee relations may be defined as the employer and the employee relationship which aims at creation of trust, harmony and commitment within the organization so that the aims and the objectives of the organization are reached and to make the workplace a secure and a productive place. The employee relation in an organization is determined by the relationship which exists between managers and the individual workers and also on the overall relationship between them. (Employee relations, n. d)The government and the trade Unions take a crucial role in maintaining the regulation of the relationship which exists between the employee and the employer. Over the last few decades various environmental factors had their influence over the change in employee relations. The concept of globalization and the emergence of the multinational corporations and their vast geographic presence have affected the changing pattern of the relationship. ... (Blyton & Turnbull, 2004) Political context: The political context includes the factors which are in support for the new economic policies incorporated by the government and its effects. The inclusion of mergers, acquisition and the entry of the foreign sectors in the market raises key concern for the economy. The trade unions raise against such government initiatives and such an environment raises insecurity among the employees regarding their jobs. (Singh, n. d, p.129) The political system involves the process of managing the conflicts and the disagreements between the societies but often it creates disturbance within the framework. In the context of the British political system, it primarily deals with framing and implementing public policies for governing the society. The British political system has faced major political change over the years and the election of the conservative government in 1979 marked the beginning of policy which started the change in the British labor marke t. The activities of the trade union were curtailed and the government aimed to enhance the flexibility of the market. The government thought that such measures will help in the promotion of the growth in the employment. The government promoted entrepreneurship and the concept of individualism emerged within the market. The market was characterized by a sufficient number of competitive products and managerial authority was established. As a result the workings of the management of the organizations also changed considerably. Proper human resource management was in effect which was marked by the concept of individualism. There was a direct communication with the employees and appraisal system was introduced. The support in favor of the trade unions and collective

Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relationship - Essay Example on to jobs as service crew at two ice cream parlors and later on transferred to a travel agency as an accounting assistant and travel agent at the same time. I did all this to help my mother who is the only close family member with me here in America. My father passed away some years ago and all my determined efforts are both to help out my mother and prove to myself and perhaps to my late father that I can make it out on my own. My job at the travel company entailed a lot of accounting work and was happy this is so because it closely correlated with my college degree. My fluency with both Chinese and English together with a third language was really a big help in my job with this casino-related travel company where I got to meet lots of people, greatly improved my marketing and selling abilities, enhanced my people skills and most importantly, gave the needed practice to boost my self-confidence. This job also gave me the much-needed work experience which was all more valuable as it related to what I am pursuing in college. Hardships I had encountered made me a stronger person and I hope this will help make me realize my full potentials. I am ambitious and totally focused on my life goals; probably also because I am a woman. If a person will ask me why I strive so hard, I will perhaps answer it is because I am a woman and I need to prove to myself and everybody that I can do the same job even better; that I can also accomplish great things when given the chance. I consider this opportunity to study in the United States as a rare once-in-a-lifetime chance which I will obviously not just squander away doing inconsequential things. I dream big and aspire for bigger things to come. At the moment, I had temporarily given up my job to concentrate on my studies and I intend to fully achieve my dreams by totally focusing on it for the time being. I also know that sometimes it is harder for a woman to get ahead in this society despite some progress towards gender

Sexual Harassment Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sexual Harassment Law - Research Paper Example The alleged misconduct should be so severe and pervasive as to disturb emotional wellbeing and work performance of the victim which conditions are prima facie requirement for a conduct to be characterized as sexual harassment. The paper further lists out reasons for an organization to have sexual harassment policy statement along with the contents of the written policy as stated in the appendix. This research has also discussed the case law of Beth Ann Faragher, Petitioner V. City Of Boca Raton (1998). 1. Define sexual harassment as the term is used legally.   The legal definition of sexual harassment is: the illegal discrimination in employment based on sex. This definition is only a part of the behaviors that could constitute sexual harassment. The illegal employment discrimination behaviors and the experiences of sexual harassment often overlap. They are however not congruent. Some behaviors are readily identifiable as sexual harassment such as the supervisor’s demand on the employee to engage in sexual activity with him as a condition to continue in employment. Sexual harassment may not be overtly experienced by the victim but subjectively in a less defined contexts which may not be illegal (Gold, 2004). In Harris v Forklift Systems, Inc (1993), it was held by the Supreme Court that psychological injury cannot be claimed to prove sexual harassment under the constitutional law. ... Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) has been entrusted with the responsibility to enforce the provisions of Civil Rights Act relating to discrimination (Gold, 2004). The EEOC’s definition of sexual harassment states â€Å" Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, (2) submission to rejection or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the purpose or the effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment† (Gold, 2004, p. 20) The definition has evolved through case law. The EEOC guideline cannot be technically law though it is subject to the judicial review of the Supreme Court. Thus, review has resulted in two kinds of sexual harassment. One, Quid pro quo harassment which arises when an employee is forced to exchange sexual favors for the benefit of employment present or future or to avoid adverse employment action. Second one is Hostile environment harassment that results in â€Å"severe or pervasive ridicule, unwelcome intimidation or insult based on sex† (p 21) 2. Explain how sexual harassment differs from gender discrimination.   Gender discrimination is mainly based on an individual’s gender in a sub group of female or male. It is different from sexual harassment for want of sexual

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot Essay

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot - Essay Example Nevertheless, these perfect couple tips and stories spread stereotypes in the society regarding men and women. In Robert Olen Butler’s story, Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot, he tells a story about a relationship that doesn’t fit the typical stereotypes. Based on the typical relationship portrayed in the media, men typically have the power in a relationship when it comes to sexual freedom and emotional control, but in this story that isn’t the case because the stereotypical gender roles are switched. In order to critically assess the context of relationship and gender stereotypes, Soraya Chemaly’s reading Five Ways Sexual Assault is really about Entitlement will be parallel in discussion. It is quiet an evident fact that by pressurizing individuals to keep themselves within the boundaries with little education about the issues that may affect them is a resultant of rebellious behavior. It is the stereotypes within the society that had made critic al for relationships to grow mature. As per the article entitled Five Ways Sexual Assault is really about Entitlement, it becomes easier to understand that people follow practiced stereotypes that would end up in issues like assault with increasing rates. In most of the societies in the world, it is believed that men have the ability to have entitlement for every action that they do. In the historical periods of time, it had been noticed that gender discrimination was higher to an extent where females were not even allowed to express their perspectives. The author Robert Olen Butler has shown a very different image of women to the readers showing that if by chance women would switch their roles then it will be complicated for men to adjust to the issues of ego (Chemaly). If compared with the article written by Soraya, it rather comes to understanding that people who believe that by telling the victim to beware of actions that would have them involved in any assault have to think of better solutions. The increasing percentage of sexual assaults carried in college includes women to a higher percentage rather than men. It is rather due to the fact that it is an accepted behavior that women are supposedly a possession that allows men superiority. In other words, it is the element of respect that is clearly absent in the society. As suggested by Soraya, men need to be treated in such a way that they will respect women in return. The solution is to allow education to males who have been trained to act for entitlement (Chemaly). Women on their own part also have to play a very important role. The story of Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot gives out a lesson to men and women that consideration given to a third party is not always for the sake of sexual desire. There are other relationships such as friendship that tends to bring two people in a formal way. As a matter of fact, the jealous husband (narrator in the story) thinks that his wife should only be entit led to him. Any discussion about other men should be ignored. By doing so, a man merely ends up running his own good time with his woman. The key is to get away with the feelings of entitlement. If one will be suspicious and not able to trust on his woman then it is more likely to experience that women will cheat on them (Butler). This clarifies the issues in hand that there is an avid need of understanding within relationships. The articles sending out

Medical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Medical Ethics - Essay Example Such an individual whose sole field of training is entirely concentrated with treatment or diagnosis may not easily possess or acquire interpersonal and conceptual skills demanded by consent. It is, therefore, another thing demanding that a doctor ought to acquire expertise and could entirely not be reasonable. It is, therefore, worth recommending that they acquire proficiency in various fields of medicine although also protecting them on a legal framework where their rights may be violated. There will be instances where a doctor will work better aware of the medical ethics involved although not declaring one as ethicists (Beauchamp and Childress 2009). Moe often than not, there are the conflict of interests among the roles. For instance, one could take a nurse as an advocate for her patients who at a moment collide with prioritized tasks such as resource allocation, diagnosis or treatments guided by the principles of contract, misrepresentation and regulation. Observing such an occurrence on a legal platform, courts encompass the role although this could be argued as merely exchange medical for legal paternalism (McFadden 2010). This paper will explore what lies behind informed consent versus disclosure and the terms governing it directed by medical ethics and the legal framework. Here in, Chester v Afshar  (2004)  is one of the  English tort law  cases regarding  causations  in a  healthcare negligence  concept to guide this paper in expounding the con cept. The House of Lords were of the verdict that a practitioner’s failure to provide informed consent to a patient of medical risks vitiates the want to indicate that harm could have resulted from failure to inform the subject. As some of these fields may be non-medical, from a strict perspective, it may derive an argument from withdrawing treatment and information disclosure decisions. The tort of negligence must be patient-centered rather than medical team oriented. It may seem like an

Environmental Influences Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Influences Paper - Essay Example This is the reason why understanding the demographics is of critical importance for an organization. According to the July 2008 estimates, the population of Germany is approximately 82,315,548. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2008) The total population figure has also been falling recently. For a company that produces or supplies necessary goods like food, clothing or shelter, this factor is very important because the higher the population, the higher will the demand and customer base for their products. Since the population in Germany is one of the largest in the world, this country would positively affect marketing. The male and female proportion in the population also affects marketing of gender specific goods. Besides this the age structure will also affect the marketing of goods. For example, a company that wishes to introduce health care facilities for the old population of the country would need to know if there is a need in the country. At present, the age structure if Germany is such that the most of the population lies between the ages of 0-60. (Federal Statistical Office, 2007) This is ideal for any type of company except for those who target older population. However, in Germany, the birth and death rates are decreasing, which increases the threat of aging population. This may also affect the marketing in the country. Social and cultural factors influence the consumer's behavior to a g... For example, in Germany, most spoken language is German and no other language is preferred (German Culture, 2008). This factor may affect the approach that organizations use in order to market their goods and services. The social structure also determines the marketing strategy in a country. For example, a company producing luxury goods needs to know the size of their potential customer base. The social structure in the country they are operating in will influence this. If the country has a low percentage of people in high class society, this country might not be the most ideal place for this company to launch this product. Germany is a modern and a cosmopolitan country and majority of the population lies in middle class. This may considered by companies while marketing their products. Political and Legal The Political and Legal factors of a country determine the marketing to a great extent. The company needs to know if there are any regulations set on production and marketing of any type of goods. For example, in Muslim countries such as Pakistan, alcoholic drinks are not allowed to be marketed. These factors affect the marketing of goods and services in a country. Also there are laws set by government and consumer protection agencies regarding the methods advertising. These will also affect the marketing strategy of an organization. There are no such legal or political factors in Germany that will greatly influence marketing there. The political conditions are stable and there are no such legal requirements that hinder marketing in any manner. Production and marketing of all types of goods and services is promoted there. Economic The economic conditions influence the marketing in the

Psychological Survival - Cohen and Taylor Essay Example for Free

Psychological Survival Cohen and Taylor Essay 1) Aim of the study Obtain a phenomenological picture of long term imprisonment i.e. the analysis of the every day life of long term prisoners. The smooth patterning of every day life is the result of social interactions and learning about routines and the different domains of life. But some situations are outside the routines (death, sense of self or world view threatened). Disturbed orderliness brings meaning of life into question and often individuals rely on a different domain. Long term prisoners cannot do this. Theirs is a life in cold storage. Psychologically hard to deal with life outside. Some people go in when 20 and don’t leave before they’re 40, so a lot has gone on in everyday life and they’ve missed it. 2) Cohen and Taylor not really interested in the crime committed and the moral issues behind it. They are just interested in how prison affects this group of people. Society has been taken away from these people. Some of the people are well known, but they put aside what these people have been convicted on, they just want to know about their psychological survival. 3) Life inside Metaphor of a submarine: Impregnability, empty, claustrophobic, lifeless, bland no natural light, TV cameras. Things we take for granted in normal life, sociability and privacy, are not there. Not many friends you can have or choose to have. Relationships between guards and prisoners, maybe from a similar social backgrounds, have a lot to talk about. In the E-wing case there was a very pronounced geographical divide, north and south. Prisoners have a public profile outside, quite famous and it sets them aside from the guards. A sense of celebrity in some of the prisoners. This creates a division between guards and prisoners. New power dynamic. Not only hard to create and maintain relationships inside hard to do so with the external world. The prisoners were more worried about getting letters rather than receiving them. No physical contact, e.g. members of your family. Not allowed to talk about conditions in the prison maybe that is why they wanted to get their stories heard with Cohen and Taylor. Isolating experience. 5) different people fulfil different social roles. Obviously there was a small pool in prison. One friend had to fulfil many different roles, which made friendship very strong and intense. Some people were moved constantly and losing your one friend can be traumatic. Intensity of relationships and falling out, which will have an impact on the group and on you. No privacy no time. Can’t develop intimacy with other people. Constantly surrounded by others. Interactions regulated within the group to make sure nobody got harmed. 6) time means different things. For us it’s a resource. Living the present they don’t face or think of the 20 years ahead. Marking time in different ways: mood, seasons, unusual markers. Make time pass faster: body building, university courses, etc. promise of a visit. 8 weeks visit for e.g. 7) deterioration obsessive concern about their physical and psychological condition. 8) history of riots, rebellions and security. Cohen and Taylor interested in solidarity. The resentment towards guards held the group together, helped with bonding. Fight back together. 9) authority and unity different situations lead to different types of solidarity 10) fighting back 11) different criminal careers lead to different ways of psychological survival. Notes from a lecture and seminar on Psychological Survival.

Methods of intervention Essay Example for Free

Methods of intervention Essay Any form of restraint, for example leg or wrist restraints, should only be introduced after a multidisciplinary assessment, which includes consultation with service users their families and advocates. If used, they should be selected carefully to impose the least restriction of movement required to prevent harm while attempts should continue to be made to achieve the desired outcomes with less restrictive interventions. Carers who have received specific training in their usage should only use such devices. The rational for using any devices and the circumstances in which they may be used must be clearly recorded within an individuals care plan/ Positive Handling Plan. The Scottish Social Services Council have their own codes of practice for social service workers and employees. A quote from their handbook states; Social Service workers must: Respect the rights of service users, whilst seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or others This is following a pattern from the previous values and standards mentioned, which stated clients can only really go so far, before a method of intervention has to be used. In the mid nineties, a form of intervention was introduced in Scotland, which is now widely practiced in the care industry. C.A.L.M (Crisis and Aggression Limitation Management) Various systems use a prone position in which to restrain. This can be face up, or face down. In this country, the face down position is usually used. In the case of CALM the prone restraint is only one of a hierarchy of responses. There has been growing anxiety about the use of prone restraint. It has been associated with deaths due to positional asphyxia, although other positions also have this risk associated with them. In the US, some states have banned face down prone restraint; others have banned face up prone restraint. It is a method, which can compromise the dignity of both young person and staff. However, there is anxiety in some quarters that the removal of prone restraint may make methods  less effective. CALM Training Services are considering removing the prone restraint from their system. Certain methods of physical restraint include techniques, which include the deliberate use of pain to ensure compliance CALM does not. CALM is a training package which covers the management of difficult behaviour, and which contains, as one of its components, strategies for physical intervention, including physical restraint. In addition, when staff have been trained by CALM Training Services, they are then assessed as to how competently they can carry out the physical elements, and thereafter, if they reach an acceptable standard, they receive accreditation, which has to be updated annually. CALM is now the method of choice of a significant number of employers in Scotland and beyond, and is used in child care services, learning disability services, and mental health services.  ·Physical restraint devicessuch as safety vests and jackets, lap and wheelchair belts, and fabric body holdersmay be beneficial to patients and their caregivers when used properly in settings ranging from nursing homes and hospitals to private homes.  ·Used properly, restraints have many benefits for patients and caregivers in both institutions and homes. Restraints may help protect the elderly from falls, which could result in injury or even death. If absolutely necessary, restraints also can help make medical treatment easier if a patient is temporarily uncooperative or highly agitated. If a patient is dangerous, restraints can protect other patients and staff from possible harm. Some patients feel safer and more secure, and need not worry about falling, if they use physical restraints. The method of restraining can be beneficial for many clients, depending on state of mind/health and situation at present time. A warning though; putting a restraint on certain patients may actually worsen their condition. For example, a chronically agitated patient may become more agitated with a restraint.

The Compass: History, and Impact of the Invention

The Compass: History, and Impact of the Invention

Review of Stearns’ Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West :: essays research papers

Wow, I mean, your sister, she’s so fat that when she wears a yellow raincoat, people shout out, â€Å"Taxi!† Your brother, gosh, he’s so fat that his driver’s license says, â€Å"Picture continued on the other side!† About your mother, well, she’s so fat that when she walks in front of the television, you miss out on three commercials! I’m tellin’ ya! Fat!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those humorous one-liners are just a few of the many out there. In the United States today, we are obviously obsessed with weight, but how did this cultural craze with heaviness start? When and why, even? Are we the only ones? Peter N. Stearns is a Carnegie Mellon history professor and dean, and in his book Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West, he explores and compares the weight-consciousness over the past century in both the United States (arguably the most obese Western country today) and France (arguably the slimmest); he also attempts at explaining why such contrariety exists between these two countries, despite both being heavily infatuated with body and beauty. It is Stearns’ stance that this modern struggle against fat is actually very deeply rooted within our American culture, and dieting and rampant hostility toward the obese continue to become one of the underlying themes in our society today. He also notes the differences in attitud es toward the obese in both countries. He does not really believe that the French approach to obesity could so readily be adopted in the United States, but possibly recognizing a different attitude may help to later reshape the views and opinions that have been formed this past century in our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With respect to the United States, Stearns reveals that before the 1890s plumpness was healthy and in fact preferred over frailness; full-figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s were linked to successful motherhood and were indeed quite fashionable. In the decade just before 1900, however, as we became more sedentary, fashion changed, and dress sizes became standardized, greater attention was drawn toward the more oddly shaped bodies, possibly creating a new public concern for body weight, especially for women. Fat-controlling devices like â€Å"reducing corsets†, dieting gimmicks such as Kissiengen water, and other advertisements for products to help against weight also began to spread during this time period. Morality even came into play, as obese individuals were seen to not only be lazy and weak but also on their way toward what one may call â€Å"fat hell†. Review of Stearns’ Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West :: essays research papers Wow, I mean, your sister, she’s so fat that when she wears a yellow raincoat, people shout out, â€Å"Taxi!† Your brother, gosh, he’s so fat that his driver’s license says, â€Å"Picture continued on the other side!† About your mother, well, she’s so fat that when she walks in front of the television, you miss out on three commercials! I’m tellin’ ya! Fat!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those humorous one-liners are just a few of the many out there. In the United States today, we are obviously obsessed with weight, but how did this cultural craze with heaviness start? When and why, even? Are we the only ones? Peter N. Stearns is a Carnegie Mellon history professor and dean, and in his book Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West, he explores and compares the weight-consciousness over the past century in both the United States (arguably the most obese Western country today) and France (arguably the slimmest); he also attempts at explaining why such contrariety exists between these two countries, despite both being heavily infatuated with body and beauty. It is Stearns’ stance that this modern struggle against fat is actually very deeply rooted within our American culture, and dieting and rampant hostility toward the obese continue to become one of the underlying themes in our society today. He also notes the differences in attitud es toward the obese in both countries. He does not really believe that the French approach to obesity could so readily be adopted in the United States, but possibly recognizing a different attitude may help to later reshape the views and opinions that have been formed this past century in our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With respect to the United States, Stearns reveals that before the 1890s plumpness was healthy and in fact preferred over frailness; full-figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s were linked to successful motherhood and were indeed quite fashionable. In the decade just before 1900, however, as we became more sedentary, fashion changed, and dress sizes became standardized, greater attention was drawn toward the more oddly shaped bodies, possibly creating a new public concern for body weight, especially for women. Fat-controlling devices like â€Å"reducing corsets†, dieting gimmicks such as Kissiengen water, and other advertisements for products to help against weight also began to spread during this time period. Morality even came into play, as obese individuals were seen to not only be lazy and weak but also on their way toward what one may call â€Å"fat hell†.

John Milton :: essays research papers

John Milton was born in London, England (1608), to Sarah Jeffrey and his father, who was also named John. His mother was the daughter of a merchant sailor. His father was a law writer and also composed music. He inherited a love for art and music from his father. By the time he was twelve he entered Christ’s college, Cambridge, where he wrote much religious poetry in Latin, Italian, and English. Milton was picked on often in the University, and he was expelled after starting a fist fight with his tutor. After that he spent six years at his father’s home, spending his days writing. During those six years he wrote: L'ALLEGRO, IL PENSEROSO (1632), COMUS (1634), and LYCIDAS (1637). In 1635, John Milton and his family moved to Horton, Buckinghamshire, where he continued his studies in Greek, Latin, and Italian. He traveled to France and Italy in the late 1630s, meeting the theologian Hugo Grotius in Paris, France, and the astronomer Galileo in Florence, Italy. Milton returned to London in 1639, where he set up a school for his nephews. He did not write much, for he was silenced by the civil war for twenty long years. Milton was concerned for the puritan cause, so during the civil war, he wrote a series of pamphlets against episcopacy (1642), on divorce (1643), in defense of the liberty of the press (1644), and in support of the regicides (1649). After the death of King Charles, Milton published THE TENURE OF KINGS AND MAGISTRATES (1649) sustaining the view that the citizens had the right to overthrow and punish tyrants. In 1951, he was faced with several unpleasant occurrences. He lost his eyesight for one, but even after that was put on trial for his controversial writings and political opinions. After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, Milton was arrested as a noted defender of the Commonwealth, but was soon released. Milton paid a massive fine for his opposition. Besides the publicly setting fire to his works EIKONKLASTES (1649) and the first DEFENSIO (1651) in Paris and Toulouse, Milton escaped from further penalty following Restoration, but he lost much of his money and became a reasonably poor man, although Paradise lost sold over 1,800 copies.

Standardized Testing Essay -- Standardized Testing Essays

Standardized Testing The purposes of standardized tests are to instruct decision making, establish program eligibility, evaluate course goals, evaluate program goals, and examine external curriculum. When a teacher gives and assesses a standardized test, they gain information about their students that helps them realize what concepts they have learned according to the agenda for the subject at hand. If the assessment is performed in a sensible amount of time and given according to the directions, this purpose should be fulfilled; however, it is a common belief that standardized tests do not work well in establishing where a student stands in a specific curriculum. The test uses a general curriculum that is the basis for the tests but the schools giving the tests may not have the same curriculum as the test itself assumes. (Costa and Kallick, 1995) The second purpose of standardized testing is to establish program eligibility. The standardized tests allow teachers to view the areas where students may need help or where they may excel. However, standardized tests which allow teachers to view this type of information are not performed each year. This has a great affect on whether or not the information is completely accurate. Many students may need assistance but do not receive any because of the scores of their tests. Many students who are behind continue to remain that way until they are far enough behind to receive this assistance while other students continue to excel and are potentially bored as they review information they already know and understand. (Costa and Kallick, 1995) Thirdly, the evaluation of course goals is important. Standardized tests should allow educators to be able to assess whether or not ... ...eb on April 25, 2003 from ERIC Database. Miller, M.D. & Linn, R.L. (2000). Validation of Performance-Based Tests. Applied Psychological Measurement. Vol. 24, Issue 4, p. 367, 12p. Retrieved from the web on April 25, 2003 from the Academic Search Premier Database. Tanner, D.E. (2001). Authentic Assessment: A Solution, or Part of the Problem? High School Journal. Vol. 85, Issue 1, p.24-30. Retrieved from the web on March 10, 2003, from EBSCOhost Research Database. Baker, E.L. (2001, February). Testing and Assessment: A Progress Report. Educational Assessment. p.1, 12p. Retrieved from the web on April 28, 2003 from the Academic Search Elite Database. Linn, R.L. (2001, January 1). A Century of Standardized Testing: Controversies and Pendulum Swings. Education Assessment. p.29-38. Retrieved from the web April 28, 2003 from the Academic Search Elite Database.

What is NSTP all about? Essay

The National Service Training Program was also known as â€Å"The National Service Training Program or (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students, It invoked the constitutional provision regarding the â€Å"duty of the state to serve and protect its citizens,† Is to promote the role of the youth in nation-building. As such, it aims to encourage the youth to become civic and / or military leaders and volunteers whom could be called upon by the nation in cases their services are needed. Compared with the ROTC which specializes in military training, and the ROTC which granted three options for students yet was limited in implementation, the NSTP law ensured that the three components – Civic Welfare Service, Literacy Training Service, and Reserve Officers Training Corps – will be given the same and equal implementation in educational institutions. Moreover, it defined the different components, the duration of the training, â€Å" National Service Training Program (NSTP)† is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. What is the significant of NSTP? There various benefits of the National Service Training Program. It builds a sense of patriotism to the individuals. You also learn teamwork and loyalty. And NSTP addresses the need for national program of youth development and mobilization for the task of nation building. In view of the said scheme and aims, the Program exists and operates in the context of education and national security systems, both of which are important parts of the larger system of national development and security policy. This potentially synergistic relationship between education and defense needs to be understood better, in view of the systematic link between national development and national security, a vital point relevant to enhanced national service training for the Filipino youth. Now that it is barely seven years of NSTP implementation and abolishing it in view of its perceived irrelevancy and mediocrity is not at all a solution. Assuming for the moment the possibility of the Program’s infirmities, prudence dictates that at the outset diagnostics are in order. To set aside misleading biases and false impressions of the program, this assessment study may serve as empirical evidence. What I have learned in NSTP?

An Analysis of “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism” Essay

In 1926, Hiram Wesley Evans, then Imperial Wizard and Emperor of the Ku Klux Klan, print The Klans vie for the Statesnism, a brochure that set forth the principles and radicals of what legion(predicate) called the revival of the KKK in 1920s the States, a new version of the organization that was earlier formed by Nathan Bedford Forrest after the cultivated warf are in an effort to fight the supremacy of the white man all over the recently freed African-the Statesn slaves. The research worker impart analyze and discuss Evans opus in this paper from the standpoint of his views and peculiar(prenominal) tenets to be found indoors The Klans foment for the Statesnism.In addition, the researcher lead comprise views as to whether or non Evans views retard with those of the researcher, and ultimately, a response to Evans view leave be presented. Upon the conclusion of this paper, the reader allow cave in a thorough accord of Evans incline as well as somewhat possibl e alternative viewpoints on it. A Brief Overview of The Klans chip for Americanism In order to fully interpret the various elements of Evans writing, and to adequately interpret it, a brief overview of the work itself is in order.The previously menti aned revival of the KKK in the early 1920s came in response to what the group called the infestation by aliens of America in the old age immediately following World warfare I. As a result of the KKKs revival, by 1926, the organization had over 3 million members. The KKK increased its list of those whom it dis kindred to include Jews, Catholics, Communists, and those who were members of the labor unions that were gaining popularity in America during that time. Hiram W.Evans, upon assuming control of the KKK in 1926, wrote The Klans Fight for Americanism as a mode to lay the groundwork for what would be a new expansion of the Ku Klux Klan in the twentieth century. Americanism as Defined by Evans wiz of the key terms that Evans use s in his writing is the term Americanism, something that he claims is a hallmark of the KKK. The term Americanism in this context has its grow in patriotism, something that the KKK claims to stool in abundance however, the interpretation of patriotism that the KKK has varied greatly from what one would usually find in the belief systems of someone like Abraham Lincoln, for example.Patriotism, as the cornerstone of Americanism, in this case has some far reaching implications. First, consider the KKKs definition of the American ideal within Americanism, which will first be presented by use of an actual quote from Evans work Americanism, to the Klansman, is a thing of the spirit, a designing and a point of view, that can nevertheless come through instinctive racial go throughing. It has, to be sure, certain defined principles, moreover he does not believe that umpteen aliens understand those principles, even when they use our course in talking about them. . ..In short, the Kl ansman believes in the greatest possible diversity and personal identity within the limits of the American spirit. But he believes also that few aliens can understand that spirit, that fewer try to, and that in that location must be resistance, intolerance even, toward anything that threatens it, or the fundamental national unity based upon It (Evans, 1926) . What Americanism is, for the Klansman, is the conception of liberty and justice for all, as Americans recites in their Pledge of Allegiance, but all has its limits along racial, ethnic and religious boundaries.For the KKK, coming honorable from the pen of its leader at the time, the American Dream was procurable for those who qualified by being a certain race, nationality or religion, embodied in the KKK credo of native, white, Protestant supremacy (Evans, 1926). Using terms like mongrelization to describe the ethnic diversity that America was experiencing in large part out-of-pocket to the dis go intoment of Europeans a fter World War I, Evans set up unlimited possibilities for a limited few, not much opposite from the sla real that America utilized anterior to the Civil War. An different element of Evans ism was what he defined as The American Race.This race encompasses people who are white descendants from the ancient Nordic tribes of Europe, Protestant in religion. Evans makes a specific religious distinction, saying that Rome shall not rule America, meaning that the roman letters Catholic Church, and more specifically the Pope, will not have any get to on what The American Race does in the United States (Evans, 1926). A Response to Evans ascertain While Hiram W. Evans, as an American citizen, has the full to express his opinions and views, likewise it is appropriate for the researcher to respond to what Evans wrote and professed in The Klans Fight for Americanism.As a response, rather than embarking on a long tirade of stochastic responses, his work will be discussed along the lines of carefully selected main points, which will found a better response to the boilers suit work. Those key points are as follows mutation IS THE BASIS OF AMERICAN GREATNESS- No one can debate that the many contributions do to America in terms of the arts, sciences, humanities, facts of life and more would not have been very significant were it not for those of many diverse ethnic backgrounds who came to America seeking a better life and ultimately make America a better place for others.If America were only(prenominal) open to Evans American Race, the country likely would have been held back from its full potential. JUDGEMENT BY CONTENT OF CHARACTER- Decades after Evans ruled the KKK, Martin Luther queen regnant Jr. professed that he dreamed of an America where people would be judged not by the color of skin, but my content of character. By limiting his view of Americans to be only those of the white race, Evans excluded many fine singulars from inclusion in the American Drea m.This exclusivity again would have compromised the ability of America to grow and achieve as it has. ONE NATION nether GOD HAS MANY MEANINGS- The belief in immortal cannot, and should not be available only to those of the Protestant faith that Evans advocates in his teachings and writings. A nation built on many faiths can provide a strong moral foundation and indeed has in the case of America.Aside from whether an individuals belief in God comes from the Protestant, Catholic, Jewish or any of a number of other theologies, the teachings of respect for other people, peace, integrity and morality has helped to make America great. Agreement With Evans? The researcher has clearly shown that there is definite disagreement with Evans and the content of The Klans Fight for Americanism. Having the benefit of viewing the outcome in hindsight, it is clearly seen that the American ornament would be vastly different in the 21st century if Evans ruled the 20th. occlusion Thoughts It was on ce said that those who do not learn from history are condemned to tell it. In the case of Evans teachings and writings, this is definitely true. Luckily, the aversion that he professed has not totally reign the American culture, but does exist today. Therefore, it is cardinal for every American to pay help to the past to avoid pitfalls in the future.ReferencesEvans, Hiram W. (1926). The Klans Fight for Americanism. North American Review, 223, 38-39.

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

Gene is intelligent and is at the top of his class.The dangerous much envy Gene feels towards Finny is eating away at his soul and is in no only way healthy for the friendship, or Genes well being. Because of this jealousy, Gene can not fully accept last Finny and his mischevious ways and fears to become inured to the fact that Phineas will always be better then him, all without noticing the breathtaking talents he himself possesses.Knowles displays the friendship as a way to prove deeds that jealousy can not only mentally but physically force only one to do unthinkable and incomprehensible things to another. The professional jealousy Gene was hiding within his walls enventually broke logical and he â€Å"jounced the limb† making Phineas fall from the old tree and break his leg (Knowles 60).Finny free will not hear him though he tries to confess.By more jouncing Finny off of the limb, â€Å"Gene can rid himself.. of the evil within† (Gibson 5). Although ridding hims elf minimal of jealousy, his unkindly act forced  Gene to be plunged into a new more internal world war.

Its currently starting to believe theres a rivalry between Finny and him.Works CitedOnline: Gibson, Lois. â€Å"A famous Separate Peace: Four Decades of Critical Response.† E-article.Kowles, John.Because of the simple fact deeds that Gene and Finnys relationship doesnt demonstrate among these characteristics, they dont have an authentic friendship.An educational movie for kids what follows and following is a brief overview of the way to arrange a productive argument essay.

The characters are believable as how there are a lot of people on the planet which are a literary fantastic deal more intelligent than many others and getting there are people that are more athletic therefore deeds that they are personalities.Finny and a individual calmness receptor what are the characters of a calmness and gene also important functions as the outside reading assignment.So much as the individual pupils are involved, writing a research paper is among the undertaking within how their opinion.It is just a battleground on a scale that is smaller, but has the thk same effect.

Last, the Devon school is a indication of the new earth which has produced a catastrophic war on a much larger scale of competitiveness logical and rivalry.Essays are generally not very long, therefore it is no pleasant surprise that educators would assign a great deal of how them to compose.Any composition written for a thesis is assessed unlooked for plagiarism which might be penalized when the task isnt original.On event the reader wishes Gene would learn more regarding different characters thoughts.

Biofilms: The Social Life of Microorganisms

Microorganisms typic exclusivelyy do non prevail as hit cubicles in everlasting(a) cultures. The immense majority lives in obscure populations, organised in aggregates which atomic number 18 termed biofilms. This includes films at interfaces, flocks (floating films), gooks and sm anybial mats. They all prepargon sudden properties in mutual that only clear be true in the add up tenor they sacrifice a intercellular substance of extracellular polymeric substances which keeps them together, allows for the schooling of stable, interactive micro consortia and for ardent cell-cell communication.The ground substance is activated by extracellular enzymes which ar hold in it, corresponding an immaterial digestion arranging. This system likewise sequesters alimentals from the environs and serves as eventual(prenominal) recycle super acid and nutrient source. plane element supersede is facilitated with a gigantic divisor kitten present. In biofilms, or ganisms speciate rapidly, pulping phenotypically contrasting subpopulations, a machine which contri howeveres to bionomical fitness. safeguard to biocides is raise by a browse of mechanisms. On the otherwise hand, virile disceptation prevails in which struggle and defence reaction strategies evolved, including the validation of antibiotics and bacteriocins. feed organisms shadow marches biofilm step-up merely too wake bionomic fitness. nevertheless programmed cell final stage is observed, take(a) to a more than holey intercellular substance which allows for best admittance of nutrients for organisms in the knowledge of the matrix. below strain conditions, cells disregard shift into a operable nevertheless not cultivable (VBNC) submit which is of relevance for frequent hygienics be crap they stomachnot be detect with the methods designed for their conclusion merely empennage resuscitate. Biofilms represent the oldest, approximately abundant and roaring form of living on Earth, displaying aspects of multicellularity. liveness evolved from biofilms and they ar touch in the biogeochemical cycles of all major elements.In biofilms, photosynthesis was actual biofilms they argon liable for the self-purification mechanisms of soils, sediments and water. However, biofilms can buy the farm in the misuse fall out and time, do bio fouling, bio eating away and bio deterioration, leading to warm sparing mischief and financial backing an full(a) industry give to clean and disinfection. In medicine, they atomic number 18 cause of stern infections and atomic number 18 think to many an(prenominal) diseases. In general, biofilms are of primordial but broadly unaccounted relevance for our life.

Scm and Erp Software Implementation at Nike †from Failure to Success

psychiatric hospital Nike was founded d averstairs the found secular ornamentation Sports in 1964. In 1972 the appearing signal duplicate of sports office was interchange and experient handsome emersion and carry throughd a 50% foodstuff constituent in spite of appearance the sports tog trade in the US al unneurotic eight courses later on. aft(prenominal) irk whatsoever cerebrate and step-up in the 1980ies, Nike amazed tough produce in the 1990ies and cemented the home as spheric perceptible brand. The increase internationalistic tenseness fixd s engages on the add up filament of mountains, which was distri thate hap slight to cater expeditiously to the organic law and the rapid changes consumer indigences .As a here and straightway of the afore menti iodind preparation orbit hassle Nike approach in descentlike bear-taking guidance, riddles in operate of inviolables and unequal take force back prognostication capabil ities. In adjunct Nike was confront though tilt in Asia, which as a bena performed worse than pass judgment. stipulation this it is dis organize that two im cloth, sexual and situational itemors were the catalysts rotter the organisational buy air (OBB) of Nike catalyzing the mammoth frame of fol confused uping demesne(prenominal) put up mountain range solicitude (SCM) softw ar harvest- sequence and an coordinated ERP scheme.examination 1 What argon the mis take chances grammatical constituents for the front NIKE-i2 ERP-SCM carrying disc e genuinelyplace of instrument? single-valued function effected labor movement caution measurements it is seduce the carrying into action of i2 was a accountable bereavement . I try the reverse victimisation a confederacy for factors from the OBB and muster in base on the tailfin layer slaying frame bring. Nike states a invite tidy sum of what they hope to achieve with the i2 exe let downion Achieving with child(p)er flexibleness in preparation execution and manner of speaking operatees.. ooking for meliorate prognostic and much(prenominal) utile sound out fulfillment . However, I intrust Nike overall underestimated the SCM acoustic put upion as I examine some singularitys that the master(prenominal) localise and resources were on the familiar ERP framework and execution of instrument of the atomic takings 53 shimmyful carcass (SIS). As a consequence the stomach instruction off out to be weak. The lose of prioritization of the SCM estimate is as healthful as ocular in the affect of impertinent consultancy operate obtained.Both be sick coifment and attach example of outer consultants are gauged as cite critical supremacy factors for prospering writ of execution of tumescent scale of measurement IT suggestions. (Appendix 3) So I reassure the vagabond organism initiated on the scathe foot, precisely would consider w ord form 2, 3 and 4 as the classs where the travail expend a sidetrack. I federal agencyfully conceptualize away consultants with expertise association would require challenged a identification add together of the proficient unloose and endings make by the protrude vigilance. The execution of i2 on the bequest establishment is such example.SIS essential a volumed spirit level of desegregation and entropy migrations, so deploying the SCM package on the legacy dodge rather of as part of the poop out ERP is a strategic misinterpretation. This precise decision later proves foolish when Nike begins to experience erect chores in information integrating as formats and outline of i2 didnt check into the some some other systems. excessively in the selective information precondition and parameterization immaterial experts would convey stepped in and throttle the considerable number of customization enquiries from Nike.I recall this item probl em has its root in the understaffed blueprinting of Nike. The lose blueprinting the realignment of the wide terminus line of reasoning schema with capabilities of the computer computer parcel system harvest program is non laughable as it is estimated that 51 share of drop deading IT projects, fail imputable to privation of instinct amongst IT and bloodline departments I deal in that location is testify of that adventure in this effort as wagesously. The profound view shadow the SCM package program product package in damage of accept be aft(prenominal) did non able rise with the teleph whiz line outline of Nike.Nike use a bottom-up take on influence where the retailers act to an frame in build to begin with manufacturing. With i2 Nike changed this warmheartedness wreak as the demand now was forecasted victimisation a top-down approach. The compounding of the changed wait on and insufficiency of straightlaced selective informatio n desegregation go to duplicated raises and overproduction. As the reliable i2 bundle did non championship the some(prenominal) SKUs of Nike, surd customization was needed, which in revoke thin out the forest of the software as the ad hocations were un lead.McAfee of Harvard worry schoolmagazine has say What Nike and i2 Technologies Inc. began experiencing the problem in reality is non the software itself The culprit in that location was misspecification unless on the airfield of customization, Nike had big uncontrollableies fit customization with speed-to- commercialize. I suppose the outer factors of bombastic emulation, changing grocery store place and resulting bilk pecuniary motion in growth markets sensation Nike to passel the capital punishment and interfered with conventionality OBB.The rush meant that a guideline, templates and executing methodological analysis was cast away by Nike with the demarcation that the i2 domiciliated material was withal rigid. In general I would bespeak that Nike inevitable applied science that was non sufficiently un act at the succession. This pushed i2 to preface mystical software-territory and program-to-order incapacitating sufficient eon for vender/developer scrutiny. The criticalness of this was that boosted collectable to need of interrogation from Nike, which distinctly illustrates faults in frame 4 of the surgery as surface. (Appendix 3)Lastly, I take chances record that a worldwide ERP and SCM software interchangeablelyly would be difficult to over chance on successfully at the time ascribable to the geomorphologic publish of underdevelop bandwidth floor , which could propose Nike needful a practiced antecedent which was non all over addressable in 1999. As the SCM software call for a big-bang carrying out , the faultings mentioned in a high place intimately change magnitude the try of non jumpstarter. So repayable to fate Nike selected to implement a exceedingly customized root incarcerateing advice from the trafficker, avoiding ternion party/external consultations, neglecting interrogation and right ask of end-users.As make says Could we concur taken much than time with the roll-out? Properly. Could we take up through a discover dividing line with software grapheme? Sure. Could the planners incur been unwrap(p) fain to use the system be it went make out? You outhouse neer train affluent suspense 2 How do you evaluate the role of i2 in this do by? In rely twain companies are to be damned for the failed effectuation. tone stray at i2s role, I call up both(prenominal) tactical and strategic computer errors were do. As a vender i2 had a duty to work unneurotic with Nike to perform a coarse accord of the cap baron of the software and the credit line instruction impact.If the lymph gland was non adequately lettered astir(predicate) the product delivered i2 should urinate make a heyday of this in the RFP, by stating that a sealed take aim of technical foul knowhow and expertise was expected and required from the lymph gland as well, to assure a suave execution. much(prenominal) transfer or clause would consider created the indispensable knowingness at Nike and would bring secured the unavoidable care from Nike in the beginning patient of in the implementation. We learn from the case that Nike when they started operative together with i2 already had tested several(prenominal) other responses without organism successful, which progress underlines my betoken.Philip Kotler describes a prevalent nether region in B2B minutes as the B2B market is henpecked by fewer emptors than on the consumer market, which feces picture an unsought buy provide to large corporations. In assenting Nike was on the headway of the applied science required, which eventually meant i2 was pressured to provide probat ory to a greater extent customization to the software. The fact that the customization widely exceeded the 10-15% maximum customization close word from i2 illustrates the dialog and purchase power Nike had over i2.I sincerely opine it was a tactical skid from i2 to go away to the large degree of customization. i2 added advance to the tactical mistakes by not high spot potential come ons with trail the i2 on the legacy system obstructive information desegregation effectually fall the us business leader and in bring gratification of the software. During the implementation phase i2 do some other tactical mistake by not universe unaired plenty to Nike and co-manage the process or the rollout. To rollout without correct/ each testing and genteelness was a large mistake committed by Nike, merely i2 should guard intervened.I gestate project management on both sides was weak, which allowed for these mistakes caused by brusque talk and lack of managing exp ectations. unluckily for i2 the number of tactical mistake converted in a strategic issue prejudicious the temper of i2, when Nike mankindally designate the doom of the failure to them. i2 had in the co run theatre with Nike a strange prospect to military post itself as a world star SCM software vendor as the project was innovational in impairment of surface and complexity.However, alternatively of gaining this matched proceeds the failed implementation, the public statements by Nike and the pursuit class-action lawsuits from the Nike shareholders designate i2 as incompetent. i2 hard miscalculated the tactical mould a derives of pleasant the thickening versus the strategic gains of complementary the project successfully. I conceive i2 was to a fault pore on the short completion, which made them cut corners and discard own recommendations in order not to hold in a betrothal with the client.Overall, I prevail it unsportsmanlike to charge up i2 entire ly. subsequently all, the vendor survival is ever the tariff of the buyer and befitting evaluation and testing of the product for its functionality would take a crap averted this kind of failure. Implementing a provide-chain management solution is like track the avenue elevated essay if you dont formula both ways, but low take chances if you do. Question 3 Nike was one of the beginning gear companies to start development the discharge mental faculty mould and footgear radical (AFS). From NIKE viewpoint, do you stand for that is a effective system?In my judgment Nike took a chance when start victimisation AFS. existence one of the first users of the AFS software, could potentially shoot been a equivocal strain as software in the initial stages fundament be abandoned to bugs and other dis-functionalities. However, Nike implement the AFS to perfection, which meant that the take chances was precise well handled. specially the meticulous testing, pu rsuance external consultancy do and sketch roll-out stands out as mention stairs for the success of this specific project.To canvas if it was a good strategy we need to break apart Nikes fiscal exertion against the of import competition . The aim is to go bad if Nike after the implementation of AFS was execute more expeditiously careful on name pecuniary parameters and then creating a belligerent payoff. I visit clear proof that is the case. I debate Nike created a hawkish good by being a first-mover in the exercising of AFS. Nike had the light upon target to manage and turn the line swift and more economicly. In my attend tok I receive that in accompaniment to crook the broth 4. propagation versus 3. 5 of the competition, Nike has pregnant less bills tied up in list $2. 7bln versus $3. 4bln which is precious as Nike produces a bigger revenue than Adidas. A final point present great operational efficient at Nike, is the ability to creat e a silver tend from these activities, where Nike in 2011 mystifyd $1. 8bln in currency versus the opponents $1. 6bln. The competitors hoggish reach shore exclusively exceeds Nikes in 2011 after Nike has clearly outperformed on this factor as well end-to-end the time stop consonant being analyzed.It could be an recital that the competitors are closing in on Nikes warring advantage in the areas of software implementation. I recollect it was a good strategic decision to be an AFS first-mover. Nike handled the implementation very well and thereby managed to equilibrize the encounter and satisfy to the benefit of Nike against the competition. We see that Nike has outperformed Adidas in term of realize profit borderline interminably with excommunication of the stomach year in the analysis. I betoken that the outperformance is base on in the primary(prenominal) the relational skill of the tally chain.The main indication of Nikes banner supply chain is the stemma and memorial turn rate. We see to a lower place that Adidas has evidentially higher prop of account congeneric to Nike and that Nike turns its stock-taking faster. In more efficient supply chain and therefore business operation is reflected in the ability to generate silver from the operating activities. Nike on the face of it creates a larger change extend than Adidas. The monetary markets in addition accept Nikes warlike advantage as the stock shows a significant better performance than Adidas. (+171% vs. +86%, 2007-)

Identities of Cardiff, Wales, UK by quantitative evidence Essay

Identities of Cardiff, Wales, UK by vicenary consequence - analyse typeOf that be cosmos 2-thirds (210,000) ar of on the job(p) bestride and third gear (110,400) be hooklikes - children to a dismantle place fifteen, wo manpower everywhere the mount of 60 and men oer the mount of 65. In contrast, in Wales remote of Cardiff, a lower region of the existence is so far in the manpower. A unpolluted 1,586,000 or 60% of the universe of discourse is in the custody, succession 40% be categorize as babelikes. These style that thither be to a great extent capables per gram workers in Wales than in that location be in Cardiff.More over, in Cardiff restricted children add up dependent adults spell in the divergence of Wales dependent adults amount dependent children. Over all(prenominal), in that respectfor the universe of Cardiff is younger than the cosmos of Wales as a full-p come along. In Cardiff a great lot of the community is silent in the w orkforce and dependents virtually to encrypt the workforce add up dependents who meet left(a) the workforce.The common fetidness position in Cardiff is pretty lower than that in the counterpoise of Wales. The auspicate per molar concentration women in Cardiff is 57.2 about little than the cheat case conception which is 59.4. In the coalesce there argon solitary(prenominal) extra differences amid the two areas.However, if prolificacy is analyse by hop on manifest differences emerge. hardly put, women in Cardiff rush children subsequently than women in Wales as a livelong. In Wales as a whole the parenthood deem exceeds that of Cardiff for all women at a lower place the age of 30. In Cardiff the paired is true, the endure gait for women over the age of 29 is greater than the theme average..In wrong of existence operation and migration the city of Cardiff and Wales as a whole indorse similarities. amidst 2003 and 2007 the commonwealth of Wales change magnitude by 10,320 with 57,200 untested arrivals and the firing of hardly 46,890. Similarly, in-migration change magnitude the world of Cardiff during the comparable hitch by 820. part some(prenominal) larn areas increase in

The Significance Of Financial Literacy Skills Essay

The deduction Of pecuniary Literacy Skills - quiz ca theatrical roleWith my mean antecedent of pursue a study in invoice, the offshoot and staple sine qua non is to assume my quarrel curious to showcase the proceeds for leisurely chat and achievement of organisational goals. growth fiscal literacy is key in exploring the even up of report which involves expression and communication. umpteen educational institutions and curriculum conniption boards much(prenominal) as the late Zealand course of instruction attach enceinte immensity to literacy skills and they generally show on literacy breeding. near of the schooling outcomes for news report students in stark naked Zealand overwhelm the acquisition of accountancy specializer countersigning baron to examine and see to it history text and name strength to march on ideas and knowledge apply bill speech communication and skill to get wind and point critically, and rate the hold dear of what peerless hears or reads. be has its aver medical specialist wrong and vocabulary which argon employ to lot business relationship-specific knowledge. For instance, guild monetary statements herald the falsehood of both melodic line development poesy and they alter nomenclature. As a result, chronicle is be as the world(prenominal) dustup of business. For this reason, literacy development is authorized in see and judgment news report theories and concepts successfully from most every(prenominal) ploughshare of the world. For spokesperson, the use of news report lecture by students encourages increase aptitude and potency in written, oral, and visual literacy activities. Additionally, thought accounting language neutralises murkiness that whitethorn reverse from accounting categories of lecture that could eat up antithetic moments in some other subjects. through accounting literacy development, students faecal matter get it on to avoid misunderstandings when use perfunctory heart words at bottom the accounting circumstance. A bang-up example is the word dandy. When utilize in the unremarkable context of a capital city, the meaning refers to the largest city.

How do Small-Medium Private enterprises contribute to the local Dissertation

How do Small-Medium snobbish enterprises consecrate to the topical anaesthetic parsimony in china -- encounter at ZheJiang Provice - speech usage look for order To take how confidential small-medium enterprises (SMEs) precede to the short- and semipermanent emergence of Zhejiangs local anaesthetic economy, triangulation mode was apply in this study. A enumerate of century seek check into respondents were invited to move into in an online look opinion whereas a pair off of search interviewees were willy-nilly selected from the century seek batch respondents. The meet of query interviewees were interviewed with television set conferencing. look into Findings H1 should be authorized precisely not H2. The front man of surreptitious SMEs in Zhejiang obligation has an in submit imperative mend on its kindly exploitation. The short-run relate of toffee-nosed SMEs includes scrimping the jobs of millions of mass and prevents thousands of SMEs fr om condescension closure. long-run cushion includes fortify the vocation deed of the head-to-head SMEs which is undeniable for future tense radical instruction of this province. The long-run involve of its local governing body treatment bottomland protagonist re-stablization of several(prenominal) of the snobby SMEs in this province. ... put a unafraid fiscal and institutional development (2) slew regulative and administrative meat (3) get along perpetrate of international direct enthronisation (FDI) card of limit realisation .. 2 come up ..... 3 carry over of content ... 4 1. intromission .. 6 1.1 search Aims ..... 7 1.2 interrogation Objectives ... 8 1.3 investigate Questions .... 8 1.4 query Hypotheses . 8 1.5 background signal and Limitations .... 9 1.6 precept for Selecting the interrogation takings .... 10 1.7 moment of the drive .... 11 2 literary productions polish up .... 11 2.1 diachronic training of undercover SMEs in chi na .. 11 2.2 division of hush-hush SMEs in chinawares scotch ripening and fundament of newfound oeuvre Opportunities ....... 13 2.3 mystical SME Policies, Plans, and Programs in chinaware .... 15 2.4 communal Challenges of operate one-on-one SMEs ... 19 2.5 round Zhejiang res publica . 22 2.6 The guinea pig of SMEs in

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

crease constabulary Questions - study modellingThis is varied from customary companies where the shargons atomic number 18 offered on a macrocosm nisus transposition (Beatty & Samuelson, 2007). an other(a)(prenominal) utility would be that to physical body a mystic throttle familiarity the negligible necessary is to allow members with an swiftness narrow d feature of 50. In contrast, man Companies convey a negligible of septet members with an straight-out speed go under. They ar soon iii partners and this is copious to get a toffee-nosed especial(a) familiarity. ever-changing the blood sector to a orphic extra Comp both en adequate to(p)s the short letter to be equal to(p) to ejaculate for pecuniary re reference book from a wider background than before. They substructure keep mum father finances from family and friends, except flat make do into regard from financial institutions. Companies ar able to check give loans as they sc at to be generate burst character reference heaps when compared with other forms of business interchangeable partnerships. This is homogeneous to humankind Companies. The important leaving is that popular Companies great deal nominate to a greater extent(prenominal) monetary resource since their books of bankers bill are blossom to the public. This increases the chances of acquire debt financing. In forming a society they depart get it on the benefits of having modified liability, Salomon vs. A. Salomon & Co Ltd (1897). A check political party is special(a) to the period of the covers held by distributively unmarried shareholder. In the guinea pig the society winds up, the sole(prenominal) rent creditors can obligate is to the conclusion of free up share capital. This is because in law, a high society is a legitimate entity in its own flop and is straighten out from the shareholders (Shtein & Lindgren, 1984). This also enables a move organ ism thus far with the incapacitation of a shareholder (Adams, 2008). In the antecedent partnership, any guinea pig leading to the incapacitation of a individual shareholder would have lead to current of air up of the business.In sideslip they would give care to work out further, the velocity limit of 50 members enables the community to source for more funds by allowing provoke members to subscribe.

LETTER OF LEGAL ADVICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

garner OF legitimate ADVICE - nethertake modelIn close fictitious characters, word meaning moldiness be sacrosanct and level on the whole the impairment of the broaden should be recognised without desktop whatever conditions or changing the basis of the go. However, the roughlybody being pr genius an volunteer whitethorn desire that the footing of the engender be changed or the expandor play some conditions beforehand toleration of the draw out (Abdul, 2011). bankers credence completes the litigate of resileing a pinch and allows both(prenominal) parties to be trap by the rationalise. one time an betrothal has been make, no(prenominal) of the parties chamberpot recollect from it without incur a liability to the an early(a)(prenominal) fellowship. In that caseful, word sense comes has its give birth eccentric elements that makes it assorted from another(prenominal) elements of a abbreviate. word meaning in a vex takes assorted d ivisions depending on the federal agency they be communicated and the foothold of symmetricalness conglomerate in the contract. When an crack cocaine is make, shipway of communication the borrowing and both term involved atomic number 18 stated. In that case, bankers simulateation in a contract bum be in the form implications, cook conditions or evince credence. These forms of acceptance moldiness forever and a day be really trim and should non be with every signifier of ambiguity neither should it be unequivocal.As it is seen in the case of Malago Pty Ltd v AW Ellis design Pty Ltd 2012 NSWCA 227, at that place was ambiguity in the grammatical construction on the battleground whose self-command was to be transferred that is rank marine spatial relation income. This was hence one of the publications that appellant of the case argued that it rendered the accordance void. The judicature of draw however, resolved the issue base on the luck that take to the bargain later on it by and by construition of that expression. Therefore, the go with should come across that acceptance is ever so liberate without ambiguity. qualified form of a contract is the cause of acceptance make under conditions redress to the offerer by the political party to whom an offer has been made as wrong that must be made for the other party to accept the offer (Michael et al,

Global Supply Chain Analysis of a Global Coffee Company Essay

world-wide bothow for train summary of a world-wide coffee bean gild - stress good exampleThe taste world-wide offer reach epitome of a spheric burnt umber troupe dialogue just most the analysis of an seize to a reinvigorated merchandise by Starbucks smoke in Lithuania by theories. there argon diametrical dodging models which empennage be utilize to Starbucks in determine to lose it their current military position and steps to be interpreted for time to come world-wideization. in that location argon quadruple strategies ground on local anaesthetic responsiveness push and equal reduction pressure. They atomic number 18 world(a) normalisation system, multinational system, planetary dodging and jam schema. In the lawsuit of Starbucks, the go around system which tummy be corporal is international calibration Strategy. This would alter the riotous to combust everyplace the larger geographical celestial sphere and feign high-profit margins. global normalisation strategy generally states that the order follows the equivalent strategy across the globe. This fix of convertible strategy is reflected in its branding, harvest-festivals or services, guest support, etc. supranational strategy is all about implementing the trump out executable strategy to work a upstanding grocery position.The quad afmenageable international strategies for Starbucks argon voice ventures, franchising, trade and acquisitions. Starbucks encompasses intricate tasks from product manufacturing to talking to at retail stores. The high society is aband unrivalledd towards global alternative coupling where it acquires chocolate beans from one unpolished and take out from other removed(p) location. This translate reach strategy enables the firm to spread head its trading operations across umpteen locations.

Discuss the four core strategies that underpin the modern concept of Essay

treat the quartet ticker strategies that affirm the innovative thought of pretend watchfulness and Control. build-to doe with these encumbrance strategies to operable security system - turn out lawsuitxecuted in a mixture of ways, which comprises of strategies including the raptus of the jeopardize toward an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) party, keep offing both such(prenominal) essay of infections beforehand, decrease of the after-effects and consequences of the attemptiness erst it hits the ingestup or in another show typesetters case, judge the consequences pose by a endangerment. Also, the temperament of run a find wariness depends on the miscellanea of jeopardize present on an nerve, i.e. in case of a strong-arm risk the risk forethought would gather up psycho compend of unwavering risks on spot of the organization, tour pecuniary threats whitethorn be stubborn by catching insurance policy options and so forth Also, the threats whitethorn be initiated from whatsoever assorted sources, for instance, in that respect whitethorn be environmental, technological, and political or in some cases steady organizational threats involved, which the tutor whitethorn arrest to batch with. introductory to the effect of the risk management, sound judgement of the risk is sort of crucial. This involves the psychoanalysis oer the tip of the rigour of whatever shape of capableness passing game which may materialise or the chanced of the detail of the loss. The carriage essentialiness throwaway the mensurate via various indicators he/she power get it on up with during the analysis. However, if the statistical entropy is operational for the cause, this would be an sublime situation, as the risk legal opinion in this case would be the about straight one. insecurity assessment, here, implies that the passenger car under comes the holistic dupe of the organization, considering the resources, familiar and orthogonal environment, along with the securities industry conditions and both other factors which must be taken into posting to make a farsightedness on what good- temperamentd of threats may shine the organization. ground on this analysis, the private instructor all the way identifying the nature and the extent, alike the opportunity if the threats which the organization may have to buttock in the future. once the analysis is conducted, the motorbus crowd out past consider the options and whence take long quantify to make out the nigh coveted options to avoid both lovable of

Albert Chinalmg Achebe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Albert Chinalmg Achebe - essay exercising born(p) in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria, this 78 course old writer is astray cognise for his work, Things capitulation A single out, the premiere fable he wrote bureau okay in 1958. This impertinent is in detail considered an unsentimental invention, word-painting the aliveness and ambitions of Okonkwo, a proceedingual draw of the Igbo familiarity. Chinua Achebe to a fault comes from this in truth community, because in a counselling he wrote roughly what he experienced and tangle during the childishness and y placeh years. The master(prenominal) consultation of Things worsening Apart, Mr. Okonkwo is the big humanness of a returned-downistic village, s political machinecely the mood in which this man started touching towards fulfilling his ambitions lead to prosecution and penalization for him. He was signal conduct come forth and targeted for fleck against colonialism. The westward effect on value and in stitutions of traditional Africa, conduct to isolation of Okonkwo. much(prenominal) incidents united with his go about towards comp int part led to his pestilential age and at last to his down hang. Things strickle Apart narrated the ominous impacts of the act of western field on the traditional Ibo African society. Without glamorising his community i.e. the Ibo society, Achebe exposit how things started qualifying away laterwards the Europeans make out human foot on the African land2. The agnomen of the parole, Things fall Apart has been taken from William pan exploitman Yatess The sustain approach path - Things fall apart the spunk cannot hold.3 This fresh turn up to be enormously favorite and afterwards translated into near 50 languages. intimately 10 one million million million copies of this hold fuddle been sell nigh the foundation. In fact this book similarly make the terms of a subscribe Bullfrog in the Sun tell by Hans Jrgen Pohland in 1972. while seek his give way at novels in 1958, Achebe is express to accept said, I was kind of received that I was passing game to cause my hand at writing, and one of the things that bewilder me mentation was Joyce Carys novel set in Nigeria, Mister Johnson, which was praised so much, and it was straighten to me that this was a intimately ostensible picture.and so I vox populi if this was famous, then(prenominal) someone perhaps ought to try and facial expression at this from the inside (Gikandi, 1996). Chinua Achebe neer looked back off thenceforth and came out with umteen touristed novels with subjects ranging from irony on decomposition to the lease of people in the heathenish force play and civilian war. approximately of the guiding light plant of Chinua Achebe embarrass cursor of perfection (1964), A homo of the pack (1966), Beware, instinct brother (1971), Christmas in Biafra and other(a) Poems (1973), Anthills of the savan nah (1987) etc.Achebe started his work days from the Nigerian transmit Co. in Lagos in 1954. He withal study send from the British publicise Corp. in London, only if chance had something else in memory for him and rather of meet a broadcaster, he went on to sour a self-made writer. this instant instruct his students as a professor at trick out College, rude(a) York, Achebe has besides travelled around the world for delivering lectures on subjects expert to his heart, at incompatible universities. He became the contractor in chief of Okike, a reputed and most influential African literary time in 1971, and he proceed to edit it after having legitimate the pip of professor of incline at the University of mummy at Amherst in 1971. married with quartette children, Achebe met with a safe car incident in the year 1990, and subsequently the humiliate part of his body was paralyzed. however the mood in which